![]() ![]() von Neumann came up with a scheme for building a computer in 1946. A distinctive feature of von Neumann architecture is that instructions and data are stored in the same memory. Over the years, microprocessors have developed many different architectures. Many of them (in an augmented and improved form) are still used today. ![]() For example, Intel x86, which developed first in 32-bit IA-32, and later in 64-bit x86-64 (which Intel calls EM64T). At first, x86 architecture processors were used only in IBM personal computers (IBM PC), but nowadays they are more and more actively used in all areas of the computer industry, from supercomputers to embedded solutions. You can also list architectures such as Alpha, POWER, SPARC, PA-RISC, MIPS (RISC architectures), and IA-64 (EPIC architecture). The architecture of ARM is developing very rapidly. This is a promising area of licensed 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessor cores developed by ARM Limitedĭespite the fact that modern processors have several cores, each of which can execute multiple threads, CPUs do not work very well with machine learning compared to GPUs and TPUs. This is primarily due to the insufficient number of operations that can be performed simultaneously in the CPU.Ī graphics processing unit, or GPU, is a separate device of a personal computer that performs graphics rendering. In the early 2000s, graphic processors began to be massively used in other devices: tablet computers, embedded systems, and digital TVs. Modern graphic processors compute and display computer graphics very efficiently. Thanks to a specialized pipelined architecture, they are much more efficient in processing graphic information than a typical central processor. The graphics processor in modern graphics cards (video adapters) is used as an accelerator of three-dimensional graphics. Interestingly, graphics accelerator boards are now used for general-purpose calculations. This is achieved by loading the code into multiple video card processors, for example using the CUDA library, or OpenCL. ![]()
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